Set the Instant Pot to Sauté mode and add the olive oil. Once hot, add the minced garlic and cook for about 1 minute until fragrant.
Add the shrimp and cook until they start to turn pink, about 2-3 minutes. Remove the shrimp and set aside.
Add the pasta, chicken broth, and heavy cream to the Instant Pot. Stir to combine.
Secure the lid and set the Instant Pot to High Pressure for 4 minutes. Once the cooking time is complete, perform a quick release.
Open the lid carefully and stir in the Parmesan cheese, salt, and pepper. Add the cooked shrimp back to the pot and combine.
Finish with a squeeze of fresh lemon juice and a sprinkle of chopped parsley before serving.